What Is Pragmatic And How To Use It?
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작성자 Bruno 댓글 0건 조회 7회 작성일 24-10-08 15:59본문
Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they could draw on were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for 프라그마틱 사이트 (https://bbs.sanesoft.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=307835) instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or assessment.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
Recent research utilized the DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods of data collection.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criterion are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue requires more research into different methods to assess refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then compared to the original RI transcripts, 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 슈가러쉬, nutris.net, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 giving an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could be subject to in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as "foreignersand consider them ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to investigate a specific topic. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods to assess.
The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their understanding of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to choose one of the strategies listed below to use when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore refused to ask about her interactant's well-being with the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they could draw on were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT for 프라그마틱 사이트 (https://bbs.sanesoft.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=307835) instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or assessment.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the role of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
Recent research utilized the DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods of data collection.
DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criterion are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue requires more research into different methods to assess refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then compared to the original RI transcripts, 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 슈가러쉬, nutris.net, 프라그마틱 무료스핀 giving an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, such as DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not adhere to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relational benefits. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could be subject to in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as "foreignersand consider them ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to investigate a specific topic. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods to assess.
The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers.
The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their understanding of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to choose one of the strategies listed below to use when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore refused to ask about her interactant's well-being with the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.
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