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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. How exactly does it work?

In order to make compact espresso machine hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name implies the group head is where you insert your portafilter when brewing espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter, and then regulates the pressure of extraction. There are a variety of group heads each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some focus on temperature stability, some on pre-infusion features, and others are designed to control the lever. Some include a combination such as the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas because it offers multiple advantages in one package.

As you can see from the photo above the head of the group has a number of notches. The portafilter is placed into these notches and turn the head around to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned in the notches to create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches allow for precise placement of your portafilter. This is crucial to ensure an even extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily place your portafilter in, the group head is responsible to maintain an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew-basket, making sure the temperature is always right to extract the coffee machine espresso. It is important to remember that even a small difference can make the difference between a great and a great espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to piston machines that are manually operated, which rely on a lever to pressurize water, rotating espresso machines rely upon motorized pumps that provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required for espresso extraction. The pressure is built by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can degrade due to overuse and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems which can result in costly prices for even the most basic models.

Certain espresso machines remove the pump entirely and make use of steam pressure to make espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to boiling which can cause over-extraction. In addition these machines espresso machines typically have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines employ an rotary or vibrating pump, with a vibrating model using a vibrating disc to create pressure, and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both types of machine are capable of producing excellent espresso, but the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is what makes the water warm to the perfect temperature to extract. The steam that is created reaches the portafilter, which contains the professional espresso machine for home coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure that pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a crema on top of the espresso. This is the hallmark of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they employ and how hot the espresso machine with milk frother is. There are different ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was invented by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso maker is a semi-automatic one with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they envision these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself, but the pump regulates the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and the mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also a crucial component of the temperature control system since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

It also helps with flavor, since a filter can allow for a longer bloom phase. This helps the beans to release their flavor and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a high-quality filter could result in a bad cup of coffee, since the quality of the beans and extraction is still vital.

This is where the magic happens, and it's what makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the device which you put the coffee grounds into, when making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine, hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam. This then pushes the hot water through the grounds at a high pressure. These types of machines are usually less expensive and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited to create the perfect conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump are becoming increasingly popular. They use an air-compressor to push hot water through the ground, and are more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.